Status Gizi Ibu Hamil sebagai Prediktor Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 24–59 Bulan di Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Selatan

Nikmah Kemalasari Pane; Ulfah Hidayah Almadany; Edy Sujoko

doi:10.56211/pubhealth.v4i1.1026

Authors

Nikmah Kemalasari Pane Universitas Aufa Royhan, Padangsidimpuan
Ulfah Hidayah Almadany Universitas Aufa Royhan, Padangsidimpuan
Edy Sujoko Universitas Aufa Royhan, Padangsidimpuan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56211/pubhealth.v4i1.1026

Keywords:

Anak; Gizi; Ibu Hamil; Prediktor; Stunting

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi kronis yang masih tinggi di Indonesia dan berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak. Faktor maternal, khususnya status gizi ibu saat kehamilan, diduga memiliki peran signifikan terhadap risiko terjadinya stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi ibu hamil dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24–59 bulan di Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Selatan. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 219 ibu dan anak balita yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur dan pengukuran antropometri. Status gizi ibu hamil ditelusuri melalui riwayat berat badan dan tinggi badan saat hamil, sedangkan status stunting anak ditentukan berdasarkan z-score TB/U menggunakan standar WHO. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (uji chi-square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Hasil: Prevalensi stunting dalam penelitian ini adalah 29,2%. Ibu dengan status gizi KEK memiliki risiko 3,7 kali lebih besar melahirkan anak stunting dibandingkan ibu dengan gizi normal (p < 0,001). Anemia saat hamil (OR = 2,4; p = 0,004) dan pendidikan ibu ≤ SMP (OR = 1,9; p = 0,042) juga menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian stunting. Kesimpulan: Status gizi ibu hamil merupakan prediktor utama dalam kejadian stunting. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya intervensi gizi terpadu sejak masa kehamilan sebagai strategi kunci dalam percepatan penurunan stunting, khususnya di tingkat komunitas melalui pendekatan promotif dan preventif berbasis bukti.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agri, T. A., Ramadanti, T., Adriani, W. A., Abigael, J. N., Setiawan, F. S., & Haryanto, I. (2024). Menuju pertumbuhan seimbang dalam tantangan SDGs 2 dalam penanggulangan kasus stunting di Indonesia. Dalam Peran perguruan tinggi dalam aktualisasi bela negara: Melalui perumusan kebijakan sektor lingkungan hidup dalam pencapaian SDGs (hlm. 114–130). https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/ncols/article/view/2972

Alifah, R. N., & Trimurtini. (2024). Analisis implementasi nilai karakter peduli terhadap penerapan program SDGs nomor 2. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(4), 438–443. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11220937

Chawa, A. F., Fitriana, T., & Ambarsari, Z. A. (2024). The relationship between socio-economic and media literacy levels with the level of parent participation in preventing stunting in rural areas. Sosiohumaniora, 26(2), 315–329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v26i2.54212

Jain, S., Maheshwari, A., & Jain, S. K. (2022). Maternal Nutrition and Fetal/Infant Development. Clinics in perinatology, 49(2), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.005

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023: Laporan Nasional. Jakarta: Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., Hay, W. W., Jr, Hernandez, T. L., Krebs, N. F., Oken, E., Purnell, J. Q., Roberts, J. M., Soltani, H., Wallace, J., & Thornburg, K. L. (2022). The importance of nutrition in pregnancy and lactation: lifelong consequences. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(5), 607–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035

Mate, A., Reyes-Goya, C., Santana-Garrido, Á., & Vázquez, C. M. (2021). Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy. Current vascular pharmacology, 19(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161118666200401112955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/18756212MTA1DNTgkw

Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., Widyaningsih, V., Gebremedhin, T. A., Miranti, R., & Wiyono, V. H. (2021). Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia. PloS one, 16(11), e0260265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265

Mustakim, M. R. D., Irwanto, Irawan, R., Irmawati, M., & Setyoboedi, B. (2022). Impact of Stunting on Development of Children between 1-3 Years of Age. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 32(3), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.13

Nadhiroh, S. R., Micheala, F., Tung, S. E. H., & Kustiawan, T. C. (2023). Association between maternal anemia and stunting in infants and children aged 0-60 months: A systematic literature review. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 115, 112094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112094

Nzayirambaho, M., Nsabimana, A., Manirakiza, V., Rutayisire, P. C., & Njunwa, K. (2022). Economic attributes and childhood stunting in Rwanda: case study of the City of Kigali. The Pan African medical journal, 42, 157. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.157.30650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.42.157.30650

Rahayu, E. A., Kurniawan, Y., & Lestari, W. (2021). Hubungan antara status gizi ibu hamil dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan, 13(2), 95–102.

Ricci, T. A., Boonpattrawong, N., Laher, I., & Devlin, A. M. (2023). Maternal nutrition and effects on offspring vascular function. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 475(7), 877–887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-023-02807-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-023-02807-x

Sari, K., & Sartika, R. A. D. (2021). The Effect of the Physical Factors of Parents and Children on Stunting at Birth Among Newborns in Indonesia. Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 54(5), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.120

Sari, K., & Sartika, R. A. D. (2021). The Effect of the Physical Factors of Parents and Children on Stunting at Birth Among Newborns in Indonesia. Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 54(5), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.120

Sartika, A. N., Khoirunnisa, M., Meiyetriani, E., Ermayani, E., Pramesthi, I. L., & Nur Ananda, A. J. (2021). Prenatal and postnatal determinants of stunting at age 0-11 months: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. PloS one, 16(7), e0254662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254662

Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., Hamed, N., & Soliman, N. (2021). Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 92(1), e2021168.

UNICEF. (2020). Improving Young Children’s Diets During the Complementary Feeding Period. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.

Vaivada, T., Akseer, N., Akseer, S., Somaskandan, A., Stefopulos, M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 112(Suppl 2), 777S–791S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa159

Wardhana, N. N., & Zahtamal. (2024). Parents Education is One of Affected Factor in Stunted Children Profile in Pekanbaru. Sumatera Medical Journal, 7(3), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v7i3.15513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v7i3.15513

World Health Organization. (2021). Guideline: Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition. Geneva: WHO.

World Health Organization. (2021, November 9). Malnutrition. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition