Dinamika Faktor Risiko Maternal dan Disparitas Wilayah terhadap Kejadian Stunting: Analisis Evidence-Based Data SSGI 2024

Ummi Khairun Niswah; Sevrima Anggraini

doi:10.56211/pubhealth.v4i3.1518

Authors

Ummi Khairun Niswah Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan
Sevrima Anggraini Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56211/pubhealth.v4i3.1518

Keywords:

Buku KIA; KEK; Klasifikasi Desa; Stunting

Abstract

Stunting masih menjadi kondisi yang memerlukan strategi khusus untuk mengatasinya karena berdampak terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko stunting pada balita dengan fokus pada determinan maternal, layanan kesehatan, dan klasifikasi wilayah. Menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024, studi observasional dengan desain cross-sectional ini melibatkan sampel nasional balita usia 0–59 bulan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat dengan mempertimbangkan desain survei kompleks. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prevalensi stunting lebih tinggi di wilayah pedesaan (21,87%) dibandingkan perkotaan (16,23%). Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu selama kehamilan ditemukan sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan (AOR = 1,63; 95% CI: 1,54-1,74). Selain itu, faktor risiko signifikan lainnya meliputi klasifikasi wilayah pedesaan (AOR = 1,30), tidak adanya diskusi isi buku KIA (AOR = 1,23), umur ibu melahirkan pada usia berisiko (AOR = 1,14), dan ketiadaan suplementasi tablet tambah darah (AOR = 1,09). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas instrumen kesehatan seperti Buku KIA sangat bergantung pada diskusi aktif antara tenaga kesehatan dan ibu. Solusi untuk percepatan penurunan stunting harus memprioritaskan optimalisasi gizi ibu selama kehamilan, revitalisasi literasi kesehatan berbasis komunitas, serta pemerataan kualitas layanan kesehatan di wilayah pedesaan untuk memutus rantai malnutrisi antargenerasi.

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