The Association Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Age of Menarche in Adolescents

Ulfa Diya Atiqa; Andi Hardianti; Nurul Muchlisa

doi:10.56211/pubhealth.v4i4.1632

Authors

Ulfa Diya Atiqa Universitas Negeri Makassar
Andi Hardianti Universitas Negeri Makassar
Nurul Muchlisa Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56211/pubhealth.v4i4.1632

Keywords:

Adolescents; Body Mass Index (BMI); Menarche

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical transitional period characterized by rapid physical and reproductive maturation. One of the primary indicators of female pubertal development is menarche, the first menstrual period, which reflects the functional maturation of the reproductive system. In recent decades, the age at menarche has shown a declining trend globally, potentially influenced by changes in lifestyle and nutritional status. Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to assess nutritional status and has been identified as an important determinant of pubertal timing. This study aimed to systematically analyze the relationship between BMI and age at menarche through a systematic review approach. A literature search was conducted in two databases, Google Scholar and PubMed, identifying a total of 2,198 articles published between 2020 and 2024, selected using PRISMA guidelines. After screening and eligibility assessment, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings consistently demonstrate a statistically significant association between higher BMI and earlier menarche (p<0.05). Early menarche is associated with long-term health risk, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and certain cancers. BMI plays a significant role in determining the timing of menarche. Maintaining optimal nutritional status during adolescence is essential to support balanced reproductive development and long-term health outcomes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adam, F. I., Kadir, S., & Abudi, R. (2022). Relationship Between Body Mass Index (Bmi) And Age Of Menarche In Adolescent Girls At Mts Negeri 3 Gorontalo Regency. Journal Health and Science ; Gorontalo Journal Health & Science Community, 6(3), 272–283. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/gojhes/index

Alam, S., & Syahrir, S. (2021). Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Usia Menarche pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(3), 200–207.

Al-Awadhi, N., Al-Kandari, N., Al-Hasan, T., Almurjan, D., Ali, S., & Al-Taiar, A. (2013). Age at menarche and its relationship to body mass index among adolescent girls in Kuwait. BMC Public Health, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-29

Amiruddin, A., Jumadin, L., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN USIA MENARCHE REMAJA PUTRI SMPN 5 KENDARI. AMPIBI: Jurnal Alumni Pendidikan Biologi, 8(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.36709/ampibi.v8i1.12

Arifin, N. A., Fatmawati, F., & Fahmi, I. (2020). Hubungan Status Gizi dan Konsumsi Junk Food dengan Menarche Dini Pada Remaja Awal (Studi Kasus di 3 Sekolah Dasar Kota Malang). Journal of Issues in Midwifery, 4(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.JOIM.2020.004.02.4

Bratke, H., Bruserud, I. S., Brannsether, B., Aßmus, J., Bjerknes, R., Roelants, M., & Júlíusson, P. B. (2017). Timing of menarche in Norwegian girls: Associations with body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thickness. BMC Pediatrics, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0893-x

Childs, G. V., Odle, A. K., MacNicol, M. C., & MacNicol, A. M. (2021). The Importance of Leptin to Reproduction. In Endocrinology (United States) (Vol. 162, Number 2, pp. 1–18). Endocrine Society. https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa204

Febriyanti, M. (2021). Hubungan Indeks Masa Tubuh dengan Usia Menarche di SDN 44 Kota Bima. Ahmar Metastasis Health Journal, 1(3), 101–105. http://journal.ahmareduc.or.id/index.php/AMHJ

Gong, T. T., Wang, Y. L., & Ma, X. X. (2015). Age at menarche and endometrial cancer risk: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Scientific Reports, 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14051

Hadi, E. N., & Atiqa, U. D. (2021). Menstrual Hygiene Management. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 14(3), 1230–1235.

Hozoori, M., Moradi, F., Hosseini-Zade, Z., Kazemian, M., & Arsang-Jang, S. (2017). Age at menarche and its relationship to anthropometric indices in adolescent girls. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5(7), 5255–5262. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2017.22352.1872

Kadir, M. R., Linardi, F., & Aditiawati, A. (2019). Hubungan usia menarche dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) remaja di Kota Palembang. JKK, 6(1), 16–22.

Kemenkes RI. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018.

Lee, J. J., Cook-Wiens, G., Johnson, B. D., Braunstein, G. D., Berga, S. L., Stanczyk, F. Z., Pepine, C. J., Bairey Merz, C. N., & Shufelt, C. L. (2019). Age at Menarche and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: Findings From the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.012406

Monica, C., & Herdiman, J. (2023). HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI SMP MANADO INDEPENDENT SCHOOL. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(4), 6730–6734.

Mutayasa, F. U., Edison, E., & Hasyim, H. (2016b). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Usia Menarche Siswi SMP Adabiah. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 5(1), 233–237.

Noa, A., Nur, M. L., & Boeky, D. L. A. (2024). Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Usia Menarche pada Siswi SMP Kabupaten Ngada. SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(3), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v3i3.3486

Oklani, S. T., Sari, R. M., Nengsih, D. A., Eliagita, C., Apriani, W., & Mareta, S. (2022). HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI KELAS VIII DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA (SMP) NEGERI 07 SELUMA. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 9(2), 2549–4864. http://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/kesehatan

Proverawati, A. M. S. (2009). Menarche Menstruasi Pertama Penuh Makna. Nuha Medika.

Putra, R. N. Y., Ernawati, E., & Amir, A. (2016). Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Usia Menarche pada Siswi SMP Negeri 1 Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 5(3), 551–557. http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id

Rafique, N., & AlSheikh, M. H. (2019). Identifying menarcheal age and its association with body mass index in young Saudi females. Saudi Medical Journal, 40(9), 958–961. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.9.24425

Rahmananda, T., & Sari, T. (2020). Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Menarche dini pada Siswi SMPN 1 Sumber Kabupaten Cirebon usia 12-15 tahun. Tarumanagara Medical Journal, 2(1), 160–166.

Saputri, L. A., Rahmawati, L., Rumita, Y. H., & Padang, P. K. (2021). HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KECAMATAN TIGO NAGARI KABUPATEN PASAMAN. Jurnal Doppler, 5(2), 47–51.

Tarigan, S. N. R. (2023). HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI SMP NEGERI1 SITOLI ORI KABUPATEN NIAS UTARA. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(4), 6175–6182.

Wandari, L., Nadeak, Y., & Sinaga, R. (2024). Hubungan Nilai Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Usia Menarche pada Remaja di SMPN Abulyatama Kecamatan Kuta Baro Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh. Detector: Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan, 2(3), 286–290. https://doi.org/10.55606/detector.v2i3.4216

Wang, Z., Dang, S., Xing, Y., Li, Q., & Yan, H. (2016). Correlation of body mass index levels with menarche in adolescent girls in Shaanxi, China: A cross sectional study. BMC Women’s Health, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0340-4

World Health Organization. (2024). Adolescent Health. Https://Www.Who.Int/Health-Topics/Adolescent-Health#tab=tab_1.

Yuliastuti, E. (2015). Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Usia Menarche di SMPN 7 Banjarmasin. Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(1).