Analisis Optimalisasi Biaya Persediaan Multi-Item Single Supplier dengan Kendala Kapasitas Gudang Terbatas

Nisa Isrofi; Ni Made Cyntia Utami

doi:10.56211/factory.v4i2.1317

Authors

Nisa Isrofi Universitas Telkom, Surabaya
Ni Made Cyntia Utami Universitas Udayana, Bali

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56211/factory.v4i2.1317

Keywords:

Biaya ; Gudang ; Inventory ; Known Demand; Multi-Item Single Supplier

Abstract

Pengendalian persediaan sangat krusial untuk menjaga kelancaran operasional perusahaan, kepuasan pelanggan dan efisiensi biaya. Banyak perusahaan menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola banyak item yang bersumber dari satu pemasok, khususnya ketika terbatasnya kapasitas penyimpanan. Hampir semua perusahaan mengelola lebih dari satu jenis item dari satu pemasok saja agar memperoleh efisiensi pesanan terpusat. Namun, hal ini menimbulkan tantangan dalam menentukan kuantitas pemesanan optimal dan menjaga tingkat layanan tanpa melebihi batas Gudang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan sistem persediaan multiitem single supplier dengan kendala keterbatasan luas gudang, sehingga diperoleh kebijakan optimal karena metode tersebut dapat menurunkan total biaya persediaan lebih dari 30%. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan komparatif dengan 4 skenario (EOQ; EOQ kendala luas Gudang; Model Inventory Multi Item; Model EOQ dengan Metode Multi Item Single Supplier dan luas kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan) dengan tujuan menganalisis dan membandingkan beberapa model pengelolaan persediaan dengan mempertimbangkan kendala-kendala nyata seperti luas gudang dan kebijakan pemesanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap pendekatan memiliki keunggulan dan keterbatasannya masing-masing. Skenario 1 menunjukkan efisiensi biaya tertinggi namun tidak dapat diterapkan karena kebutuhan ruang yang melebihi kapasitas gudang. Skenario 2 berhasil menekan kebutuhan ruang hingga di bawah batas maksimum, tetapi menyebabkan lonjakan biaya yang signifikan. Skenario 3 menawarkan efisiensi biaya yang lebih baik dibanding skenario 2, namun masih belum feasible karena kebutuhan ruang yang besar. Sementara itu, Skenario 4 yang mengintegrasikan pendekatan multi-item single supplier dengan kendala ruang terbukti menjadi solusi paling seimbang, karena mampu memenuhi batasan fisik gudang sekaligus mempertahankan efisiensi logistik. Skenario 4 direkomendasikan sebagai model yang paling realistis dan aplikatif untuk diterapkan dalam pengelolaan persediaan di Gudang Material 2.

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